Minimal Raspbian Installation: Difference between revisions

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'''Goal:''' Setup a minimal Raspbian setup without bloat. This was used before by starting with a minibian installation, but has been superseded by the availability of Rasbian lite images.
'''Goal:''' Setup a minimal Raspbian setup without bloat. This was used before by starting with a minibian installation, but has been superseded by the availability of Raspbian lite images.


== Raspbian Lite installation ==
== Setting up SD Card ==
=== Setting up SD Card ===
* Download Raspbian '''Lite''' image: https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/
* Download Raspbian '''Lite''' image: https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/
* unzip image:
* unzip image:
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  OR IF YOU HAVE OLD DD
  OR IF YOU HAVE OLD DD
  dd bs=4M if=2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img | pv | dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdX
  dd bs=4M if=2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img | pv | dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdX
* Insert SD, Power the RPi, wait for crazy blinking to stop


=== Connecting to the Pi ===
== Connecting to the Pi ==
By default Raspbian will get an IP on ethernet.  
By default Raspbian will get an IP on ethernet.  
==== You do not have a screen ====
=== You do not have a screen ===
TODO enabling ssh
* Don't remove the SD card from computer
Figure out what is your RPi IP address (adjust mask to reflect own network):
* Refresh partition table (use <code>partprobe</code> on Linux, on FreeBSD it should not be needed, and no idea for the rest)
  nmap -sP 192.168.1.1-255
* mount the first partition from the SD card (adjust paths!):
sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /media/stuff              # Linux
sudo mount -t msdosfs /dev/da2s1 /media/stuff  # FreeBSD
* Create an empty file called <code>ssh</code> inside <code>/media/stuff/</code>:
sudo touch /media/stuff/ssh
* If using a raspbian starting from Bullseye you also need to configure a default user
# as root
echo "pi:"$(echo 'raspberry' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin) > /media/stuff/userconf
* Unmount the partition
sudo umount /media/stuff
* Insert SD, Power the RPi, wait for crazy blinking to stop
* Figure out what is your RPi IP address (adjust mask to reflect own network), using one of these methods:
  nmap -sP 192.168.1.1-255   # adjust network mask, the RPi's default name is raspberrypi
arp -na | grep -i b8:27:eb  # list arp entries, filter MAC addresses of RPi vendor (up to RPi3 included)
arp -na | grep -i dc:a6:32  # list arp entries, filter MAC addresses of RPi vendor (RPi4 and more)
* ssh in RPi (passwd is raspberry)
ssh pi@192.168.1.XXX
* '''CHANGE PASSWORD THANKS'''
passwd


==== You have a screen ====
=== You have a screen and keyboard ===
the IP will is displayed in the console at the end of the boot process. However you need to enable sshd first.
* Insert SD, Power the RPi, '''the IP will is displayed in the console at the end of the boot process'''. However you need to enable sshd first.
* log into the console with pi:raspberry
* log into the console with pi:raspberry
* start raspi-config tool
* start raspi-config tool
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* In interfacing options, enable SSH
* In interfacing options, enable SSH
* Exit raspi-config
* Exit raspi-config
* ssh into RPi
* If you did not take note of the IP yet, you can always do:
  ssh pi@192.168.1.73
ifconfig eth0 | grep inet
* You might want to change your password, pi is a sudoer... :)
* ssh in RPi (passwd is raspberry)
  ssh pi@192.168.1.XXX
* '''CHANGE PASSWORD THANKS'''
passwd
 
== Base system ==


=== Base system ===
All this stuff as <code>root</code>:


* flavouring
* Change hostname
  echo "BMO" > /etc/hostname
  echo "BMO" > /etc/hostname
  hostname -F /etc/hostname
  hostname -F /etc/hostname
* In <code>/etc/hosts</code>, replace <code>127.0.0.1  raspberrypi</code> with <code>127.0.0.1    BMO</code>
* don't bloat the system
* don't bloat the system
  echo -e 'APT::Install-Recommends "0";\nAPT::Install-Suggests "0";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90norecommend
  echo -e 'APT::Install-Recommends "0";\nAPT::Install-Suggests "0";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90norecommend
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  apt update
  apt update
  apt upgrade
  apt upgrade
* update to latest kernel
* update to latest kernel ('''nowadays discouraged, only use if you need a pre-release kernel''')
  apt install rpi-update
  apt install rpi-update
  rpi-update
  rpi-update
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  dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
  dpkg-reconfigure tzdata


=== Comfy environment (optional) ===
== Comfy environment (optional) ==


Now you can install all your comfy l33t command line tools and whatnot, fav editors, etc. This is just an example of what I (ugrnm) always put on top of my pi, YMMV:
Now you can install all your comfy l33t command line tools and whatnot, fav editors, etc. This is just an example, YMMV:


* comfy tools and stuff
* comfy tools and stuff
  ln -s /usr/bin/vim.tiny /usr/bin/vim
  ln -s /usr/bin/vim.tiny /usr/bin/vim
  apt install tmux tcsh git
  apt install tmux git
chsh -s /bin/tcsh root
* create /root/.tcshrc
if ($?prompt) then
      set prompt = "%N@%m:%~ %# "
      set promptchars = "%#"
      set filec
      set history = 1000
      set savehist = (1000 merge)
      set autolist = ambiguous
      set autoexpand
      set autorehash
      if ( $?tcsh ) then
              bindkey "^W" backward-delete-word
              bindkey -k up history-search-backward
              bindkey -k down history-search-forward
      endif
endif
* logout and log back in


=== THIS IS IT! ===
== THIS IS IT! ==


Well done, you now have a minimal RPi installation, the guideline stops here, anything past this point is just a matter of what the RPi will be used for.
Well done, you now have a minimal RPi installation, the guideline stops here, anything past this point is just a matter of what the RPi will be used for.

Latest revision as of 19:55, 13 March 2023

Goal: Setup a minimal Raspbian setup without bloat. This was used before by starting with a minibian installation, but has been superseded by the availability of Raspbian lite images.

Setting up SD Card

unzip 2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.zip
  • Put image on SD Card (ADJUST /dev/sdX target to the correct block device!):
  • Stick SD Card in (duh)
dd bs=4M if=2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img of=/dev/sdX status=progress
OR IF YOU HAVE OLD DD
dd bs=4M if=2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img | pv | dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdX

Connecting to the Pi

By default Raspbian will get an IP on ethernet.

You do not have a screen

  • Don't remove the SD card from computer
  • Refresh partition table (use partprobe on Linux, on FreeBSD it should not be needed, and no idea for the rest)
  • mount the first partition from the SD card (adjust paths!):
sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /media/stuff              # Linux
sudo mount -t msdosfs /dev/da2s1 /media/stuff  # FreeBSD
  • Create an empty file called ssh inside /media/stuff/:
sudo touch /media/stuff/ssh
  • If using a raspbian starting from Bullseye you also need to configure a default user
# as root
echo "pi:"$(echo 'raspberry' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin) > /media/stuff/userconf
  • Unmount the partition
sudo umount /media/stuff
  • Insert SD, Power the RPi, wait for crazy blinking to stop
  • Figure out what is your RPi IP address (adjust mask to reflect own network), using one of these methods:
nmap -sP 192.168.1.1-255    # adjust network mask, the RPi's default name is raspberrypi
arp -na | grep -i b8:27:eb  # list arp entries, filter MAC addresses of RPi vendor (up to RPi3 included)
arp -na | grep -i dc:a6:32  # list arp entries, filter MAC addresses of RPi vendor (RPi4 and more)
  • ssh in RPi (passwd is raspberry)
ssh pi@192.168.1.XXX
  • CHANGE PASSWORD THANKS
passwd

You have a screen and keyboard

  • Insert SD, Power the RPi, the IP will is displayed in the console at the end of the boot process. However you need to enable sshd first.
  • log into the console with pi:raspberry
  • start raspi-config tool
sudo raspi-config
  • In interfacing options, enable SSH
  • Exit raspi-config
  • If you did not take note of the IP yet, you can always do:
ifconfig eth0 | grep inet
  • ssh in RPi (passwd is raspberry)
ssh pi@192.168.1.XXX
  • CHANGE PASSWORD THANKS
passwd

Base system

All this stuff as root:

  • Change hostname
echo "BMO" > /etc/hostname
hostname -F /etc/hostname
  • In /etc/hosts, replace 127.0.0.1 raspberrypi with 127.0.0.1 BMO
  • don't bloat the system
echo -e 'APT::Install-Recommends "0";\nAPT::Install-Suggests "0";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90norecommend
  • update system
apt update
apt upgrade
  • update to latest kernel (nowadays discouraged, only use if you need a pre-release kernel)
apt install rpi-update
rpi-update
reboot
  • what time is it
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

Comfy environment (optional)

Now you can install all your comfy l33t command line tools and whatnot, fav editors, etc. This is just an example, YMMV:

  • comfy tools and stuff
ln -s /usr/bin/vim.tiny /usr/bin/vim
apt install tmux git

THIS IS IT!

Well done, you now have a minimal RPi installation, the guideline stops here, anything past this point is just a matter of what the RPi will be used for.