Minimal Raspbian Installation: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
(11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Goal:''' Setup a minimal Raspbian setup without bloat. This was used before by starting with a minibian installation, but has been superseded by the availability of Raspbian lite images. | '''Goal:''' Setup a minimal Raspbian setup without bloat. This was used before by starting with a minibian installation, but has been superseded by the availability of Raspbian lite images. | ||
== Setting up SD Card == | |||
* Download Raspbian '''Lite''' image: https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/ | * Download Raspbian '''Lite''' image: https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/ | ||
* unzip image: | * unzip image: | ||
Line 11: | Line 10: | ||
OR IF YOU HAVE OLD DD | OR IF YOU HAVE OLD DD | ||
dd bs=4M if=2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img | pv | dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdX | dd bs=4M if=2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img | pv | dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdX | ||
== Connecting to the Pi == | |||
By default Raspbian will get an IP on ethernet. | By default Raspbian will get an IP on ethernet. | ||
=== You do not have a screen === | |||
* Don't remove the SD card from computer | |||
Figure out what is your RPi IP address (adjust mask to reflect own network): | * Refresh partition table (use <code>partprobe</code> on Linux, on FreeBSD it should not be needed, and no idea for the rest) | ||
nmap -sP 192.168.1.1-255 | * mount the first partition from the SD card (adjust paths!): | ||
sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /media/stuff # Linux | |||
sudo mount -t msdosfs /dev/da2s1 /media/stuff # FreeBSD | |||
* Create an empty file called <code>ssh</code> inside <code>/media/stuff/</code>: | |||
sudo touch /media/stuff/ssh | |||
* If using a raspbian starting from Bullseye you also need to configure a default user | |||
# as root | |||
echo "pi:"$(echo 'raspberry' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin) > /media/stuff/userconf | |||
* Unmount the partition | |||
sudo umount /media/stuff | |||
* Insert SD, Power the RPi, wait for crazy blinking to stop | |||
* Figure out what is your RPi IP address (adjust mask to reflect own network), using one of these methods: | |||
nmap -sP 192.168.1.1-255 # adjust network mask, the RPi's default name is raspberrypi | |||
arp -na | grep -i b8:27:eb # list arp entries, filter MAC addresses of RPi vendor (up to RPi3 included) | |||
arp -na | grep -i dc:a6:32 # list arp entries, filter MAC addresses of RPi vendor (RPi4 and more) | |||
* ssh in RPi (passwd is raspberry) | |||
ssh pi@192.168.1.XXX | |||
* '''CHANGE PASSWORD THANKS''' | |||
passwd | |||
=== You have a screen and keyboard === | |||
the IP will is displayed in the console at the end of the boot process. However you need to enable sshd first. | * Insert SD, Power the RPi, '''the IP will is displayed in the console at the end of the boot process'''. However you need to enable sshd first. | ||
* log into the console with pi:raspberry | * log into the console with pi:raspberry | ||
* start raspi-config tool | * start raspi-config tool | ||
Line 27: | Line 43: | ||
* In interfacing options, enable SSH | * In interfacing options, enable SSH | ||
* Exit raspi-config | * Exit raspi-config | ||
* ssh | * If you did not take note of the IP yet, you can always do: | ||
ssh pi@192.168.1. | ifconfig eth0 | grep inet | ||
* | * ssh in RPi (passwd is raspberry) | ||
ssh pi@192.168.1.XXX | |||
* '''CHANGE PASSWORD THANKS''' | |||
passwd | |||
== Base system == | |||
All this stuff as <code>root</code>: | |||
* | * Change hostname | ||
echo "BMO" > /etc/hostname | echo "BMO" > /etc/hostname | ||
hostname -F /etc/hostname | hostname -F /etc/hostname | ||
* In <code>/etc/hosts</code>, replace <code>127.0.0.1 raspberrypi</code> with <code>127.0.0.1 BMO</code> | |||
* don't bloat the system | * don't bloat the system | ||
echo -e 'APT::Install-Recommends "0";\nAPT::Install-Suggests "0";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90norecommend | echo -e 'APT::Install-Recommends "0";\nAPT::Install-Suggests "0";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90norecommend | ||
Line 41: | Line 63: | ||
apt update | apt update | ||
apt upgrade | apt upgrade | ||
* update to latest kernel | * update to latest kernel ('''nowadays discouraged, only use if you need a pre-release kernel''') | ||
apt install rpi-update | apt install rpi-update | ||
rpi-update | rpi-update | ||
Line 48: | Line 70: | ||
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata | dpkg-reconfigure tzdata | ||
== Comfy environment (optional) == | |||
Now you can install all your comfy l33t command line tools and whatnot, fav editors, etc. This is just an example | Now you can install all your comfy l33t command line tools and whatnot, fav editors, etc. This is just an example, YMMV: | ||
* comfy tools and stuff | * comfy tools and stuff | ||
ln -s /usr/bin/vim.tiny /usr/bin/vim | ln -s /usr/bin/vim.tiny /usr/bin/vim | ||
apt install tmux | apt install tmux git | ||
== THIS IS IT! == | |||
Well done, you now have a minimal RPi installation, the guideline stops here, anything past this point is just a matter of what the RPi will be used for. | Well done, you now have a minimal RPi installation, the guideline stops here, anything past this point is just a matter of what the RPi will be used for. |
Latest revision as of 19:55, 13 March 2023
Goal: Setup a minimal Raspbian setup without bloat. This was used before by starting with a minibian installation, but has been superseded by the availability of Raspbian lite images.
Setting up SD Card
- Download Raspbian Lite image: https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/
- unzip image:
unzip 2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.zip
- Put image on SD Card (ADJUST /dev/sdX target to the correct block device!):
- Stick SD Card in (duh)
dd bs=4M if=2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img of=/dev/sdX status=progress OR IF YOU HAVE OLD DD dd bs=4M if=2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.img | pv | dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdX
Connecting to the Pi
By default Raspbian will get an IP on ethernet.
You do not have a screen
- Don't remove the SD card from computer
- Refresh partition table (use
partprobe
on Linux, on FreeBSD it should not be needed, and no idea for the rest) - mount the first partition from the SD card (adjust paths!):
sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /media/stuff # Linux sudo mount -t msdosfs /dev/da2s1 /media/stuff # FreeBSD
- Create an empty file called
ssh
inside/media/stuff/
:
sudo touch /media/stuff/ssh
- If using a raspbian starting from Bullseye you also need to configure a default user
# as root echo "pi:"$(echo 'raspberry' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin) > /media/stuff/userconf
- Unmount the partition
sudo umount /media/stuff
- Insert SD, Power the RPi, wait for crazy blinking to stop
- Figure out what is your RPi IP address (adjust mask to reflect own network), using one of these methods:
nmap -sP 192.168.1.1-255 # adjust network mask, the RPi's default name is raspberrypi arp -na | grep -i b8:27:eb # list arp entries, filter MAC addresses of RPi vendor (up to RPi3 included) arp -na | grep -i dc:a6:32 # list arp entries, filter MAC addresses of RPi vendor (RPi4 and more)
- ssh in RPi (passwd is raspberry)
ssh pi@192.168.1.XXX
- CHANGE PASSWORD THANKS
passwd
You have a screen and keyboard
- Insert SD, Power the RPi, the IP will is displayed in the console at the end of the boot process. However you need to enable sshd first.
- log into the console with pi:raspberry
- start raspi-config tool
sudo raspi-config
- In interfacing options, enable SSH
- Exit raspi-config
- If you did not take note of the IP yet, you can always do:
ifconfig eth0 | grep inet
- ssh in RPi (passwd is raspberry)
ssh pi@192.168.1.XXX
- CHANGE PASSWORD THANKS
passwd
Base system
All this stuff as root
:
- Change hostname
echo "BMO" > /etc/hostname hostname -F /etc/hostname
- In
/etc/hosts
, replace127.0.0.1 raspberrypi
with127.0.0.1 BMO
- don't bloat the system
echo -e 'APT::Install-Recommends "0";\nAPT::Install-Suggests "0";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/90norecommend
- update system
apt update apt upgrade
- update to latest kernel (nowadays discouraged, only use if you need a pre-release kernel)
apt install rpi-update rpi-update reboot
- what time is it
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Comfy environment (optional)
Now you can install all your comfy l33t command line tools and whatnot, fav editors, etc. This is just an example, YMMV:
- comfy tools and stuff
ln -s /usr/bin/vim.tiny /usr/bin/vim apt install tmux git
THIS IS IT!
Well done, you now have a minimal RPi installation, the guideline stops here, anything past this point is just a matter of what the RPi will be used for.