Mastodon

https://post.lurk.org is a mastodon service. Mastodon is a federated microblogging software that speaks both ActivityPub and OStatus and can thus communicate with other microblogging softwares like GnuSocial, Pleroma, Pump.io etc.

admin resources

Useful pages from the mastodon documentation

• Installing Mastodon the guide is meant for Ubuntu 16.04 but it worked flawlessly on Debian Stretch
• Tuning mastodon performance TODO
• Mastodon admin commands from ruby terminal
• What and how to back up in Mastodon
• Updating to newer versions

Admin community / help

• Mastodon forum some discussions happen here
• Mastodon git issues some happen there

Installation

post.lurk.org followed the mastodon install almost literally since it was one-to-one applicable on debian stretch. Quite boring really.

This means that mastodon runs as the user mastodon. All the mastodon files live in:

/home/mastodon/live/

Differences are:

• When running the interactive set up during install, the smtp address is set as localhost and the postfix relay takes care of the rest.
• Mastodon-web runs on port 3001 instead of 3000, the changes to this are reflected in the systemd service files and in the nginx virtualhost config

Maintenance

Mastodon can be (re)started by:

systemctl stop mastodon-*.service
systemctl start mastodon-web.service
systemctl start mastodon-sidekiq.service
systemctl start mastodon-streaming.service

Removing federated media attachments

RAILS_ENV=production ./bin/tootctl media remove

reduce disk space usage by cleaning out old versions of ruby, yarn etc after upgrades

rm the cache of yarn (nodejs package manager):

yarn cache clean

rm old versions of ruby you no longer need:

rbenv uninstall 2.5.3 

source: https://toot.cafe/@nolan/101450836285521185

script for pruning remote / old media

#!/bin/bash
export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(rbenv init -)"
export RAILS_ENV=production

/home/mastodon/live/bin/tootctl statuses remove
/home/mastodon/live/bin/tootctl media remove --days=3

Performance tweaks

Increasing character limit on posts

Search and replace '500' by whatever you want in these two files:

modified:   app/javascript/mastodon/features/compose/components/compose_form.js
modified:   app/validators/status_length_validator.rb

Next, we probably want to let the world know, too. Currently there’s no official way to include your character length in the API, but unofficially, you’ll need to set the max_toot_chars attribute in your instance’s API response.

in app/serializers/rest/instance_serializer.rb

Change line 8 from :languages, :registrations, :approval_required to :languages, :registrations, :approval_required, :max_toot_chars (don’t forget the comma).

Change line 65, after the approval_required block, and add a definition for max_toot_chars

 def max_toot_chars
     1500
 end

from https://indented.space/2019/07/28/change-max-character-limit-for-mastodon-instance/

Make sure you recompile the web assets afterwards:

RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails assets:precompile

Getting high scores on ssl comparison sites

instances.social automatically rates each fediverse instance using two different SSL testing sites:

• https://tls.imirhil.fr/https/post.lurk.org
• https://observatory.mozilla.org/analyze.html?host=post.lurk.org.

At the time of writing we got A and B (untweaked mastodon config). We are good boys and want to get A+ grades.

weak DH primes

The first is the weak Diffie-Hellman key primes described here and here.

Generate like so (this take a looong time):

cd /etc/ssl/certs
openssl dhparam -out dhparam.pem 4096

in the post.lurk.org nginx config we point to this new prime by adding this line:

ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem;

content security policy, xss etc

In order to get A+ one hast to set explicit policies the sources and origins of where post.lurk.org gets loaded. The mozilla observatory has a lot of documentation on these topics. Because it is unclear how mastodon loads all of its resources it was a bit of fiddling to find out how strict we could be without breaking the site. This is done by adding headers in the nginx config:

 add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload";
 add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY";
 add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin";
 add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'none'; script-src 'self'; object-src 'self'; style-src 'self'; img-src 'self' data: https: blob:; media-src 'self'; frame-src 'none'; font-src 'self' data: https://post.lurk.org; upgrade-insecure-requests; frame-ancestors 'self'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; connect-src 'self' blob: wss://post.lurk.org *.lurk.org";

Backups

the Mastodon project advises to back up the following things:

• Postgres database
• Assets (avatars, uploaded files etc)
• Application secrets

We do so using the following shell script:

 today=(`date +"%F"`)
 expiry=(`date +'%F' -d "-3 days"`)
 
 /bin/mkdir  /var/backups/mastodon/${today}/
 /usr/bin/pg_dump mastodon_production > /var/backups/mastodon/${today}/mastodon_production_${today}.sql
 /bin/cp /home/mastodon/live/.env.production /var/backups/mastodon/${today}/
 
 /bin/tar -cvzf /var/backups/mastodon/${today}/system${today}.tar.gz /home/mastodon/live/public/system
 /bin/rm -rf /var/backups/mastodon/${expiry}/

Which is called in cron like so:

30 02 * * * /bin/bash /home/mastodon/backup_mastodon.sh > /home/mastodon/backups/backup.log 2>&1

Two weeks worth of backups are stored remotely using a shell script:

today=(`date +"%F"`)
expiry=(`date +'%F' -d "-14 days"`)
expiry_path=(/media/lurk_backup/mastodon/${expiry})

rsync -auv /var/backups/mastodon/${today} x@x.x.x.x:/media/lurk_backup/mastodon/
ssh x@x.x.x.x rm -rf $expiry_path

This is called in cron like so: 30 03 * * * /bin/bash /home/mastodon/backup_backup.sh > /home/mastodon/backups/backup_copy.log 2>&1

Statistics

Via the public API one can see the amount activity per week:

https://post.lurk.org/api/v1/instance/activity

and the amount of instances in the federation a server is connected to:

https://post.lurk.org/api/v1/instance/peers